EssenCES©

The Essen Climate Evaluation Schema - EssenCES©

The questionnaire "EssenCES©" was developed at the Institute. It is a short assessment form to evaluate the atmosphere of wards in forensic psychiatry and in prisons.

 

The questionnaire is available for download in different languages.

Description

The EssenCES© questionnaire was developed in a series of research projects on the forensic psychiatric correctional system, beginning in 1993. It is a short assessment questionnaire (15 statements plus 2 non-rated items) used to assess three characteristics of the atmosphere in wards: the feeling of safety of the persons involved, the experienced therapeutic support and the cohesion among the patients. The assessment questionnaire was devised as an economical alternative to the well-known Ward Atmosphere Scale, which is much more comprehensive comprising 100 questionnaire items (Moos & Houts 1968, Moss 1974; German adaptation: Stationsbeurteilungsbogen SBB, Engel et al. 1983).


The questionnaire was initially published in 2005 under the name SK-M: Stationsklima Maßregelvollzug. In the course of redesigning the questionnaire, the now common international designation EssenCES© was adopted. The instrument has since been used in correctional facilities as well, the wording is slightly different in these correctional-setting-versions.

Further documents

Basic Information

Manual

  • The “EssenCES – A manual and more”, edited by Norbert Schalast and Matthew Tonkin, can be ordered at Hogrefe Publishing.

    • An extract can be found here.

Printouts useful to work with the manual

Instruction for Patients

Reports and Presentations

Publications referring to the EssenCES

2022

  • Davoren, M., O’Reilly, K., Mohan, D., & Kennedy, H. G. (2022). Prospective cohort study of the evaluation of patient benefit from the redevelopment of a complete national forensic mental health service: the Dundrum Forensic Redevelopment Evaluation Study (D-FOREST) protocol. BMJ open, 12(7), e058581.
  • De Vries, M. G., Verkes, R. J., & Bulten, B. H. (2022). See, Think, Act Scale: validation of the Dutch version of a measure of relational security in high secure forensic psychiatric care. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2244.
  • Gois, I., & Kane, E. (2022). Me-thinking: report on a pilot intervention with women in custody. Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, (ahead-of-print).
  • Greenwood, L., Ireland, J. L., Abbott, J., Chu, S., & Niesten, I. (2022). Understanding the sleep-aggression relationship in a forensic mental health sample. International journal of law and psychiatry, 83, 101811.
  • Howard, Mark. (2022). Staff and inmate experiences of prison social climate at Rapid Build correctional centres: A quantitative evaluation.

2021

  • Bridekirk, J., Ham, E., Ball, L. C., & Konkolÿ Thege, B. (2021). Beyond Window Dressing: Does Moving to a New Building Really Shape the Perception of, and Actual Safety on Forensic Inpatient Programs?. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 1-14.
  • Finch, K., Lawrence, D., Williams, M. O., Thompson, A. R., & Hartwright, C. (2021). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Safewards: Has Enthusiasm Exceeded Evidence?. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 1-18.
  • Gibson, S. (2021). Social climate and hope amongst staff and prisoners in a high security male prison. The Journal of Forensic Practice, 23(1), 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFP-06-2020-0027
  • Hallett, N., & Dickens, G. L. (2021). The violence prevention climate of mental health wards: a cross-sectional study of staff and patient views. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56(1), 97-107.
  • Maki, S., Nagai, K., Ando, S., & Tamakoshi, K. (2021). Structure and predictors of in-hospital nursing care leading to reduction in early readmission among patients with schizophrenia in Japan: A cross-sectional study. PLoS one, 16(4), e0250771.
  • Sawada, U., Shimazu, A., Kawakami, N., Miyamoto, Y., Speigel, L., & Leiter, M. P. (2021). The Effects of the Civility, Respect, and Engagement in the Workplace (CREW) Program on Social Climate and Work Engagement in a Psychiatric Ward in Japan: A Pilot Study. Nursing Reports, 11(2), 320-330.
  • Schneider, C., Hobson, C. W., & Shelton, K. H. (2021). ‘Grounding a PIE in the sky’: Laying empirical foundations for a psychologically informed environment (PIE) to enhance well‐being and practice in a homeless organisation. Health & Social Care in the Community.
  • Titze, L., & Dudeck, M. (2021). Living conditions of migrants in bavarian forensic psychiatry–acculturation, language competence and perceived ward climate. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S375-S376.
  • Titze, L., Gros, J., Büsselmann, M., Lutz, M., Streb, J., & Dudeck, M. (2021). Immigrant Patients Adapt to the Culture of Admission and Experience Less Safety in Forensic Psychiatric Care. Frontiers in Psychology, 12.
  • Verstegen, N., de Vogel, V., Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., & Nijman, H. (2021). Experienced safety across ward types in forensic psychiatry. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 1-7.
  • Ward‐Stockham, K., Kapp, S., Jarden, R., Gerdtz, M., & Daniel, C. (2021). Effect of Safewards on reducing conflict and containment and the experiences of staff and consumers: A mixed‐methods systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.

2020

  • Annesley, P., Hamilton, Z., Galway, R., Akiens, S., Hicks, R., & Clarke, M. (2020). Evaluating neuropsychologically informed rehabilitation training for staff within a high secure intellectual disability service. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour.
  • Bareis, A., Schalast, N., & Rettenberger, M. (2020). Zur Arbeitszufriedenheit von Beschäftigten im Maßregelvollzug. Recht & Psychiatrie, 38(2), 68-76.
  • Barker, L., McKeown, A., Small, M., & Meggs, J. (2020). Validating the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema modified for people with learning disabilities in a low‐risk secure forensic setting. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health.
  • Baumgardt, J., Jäckel, D., Helber-Böhlen, H., Morgenstern, K., Voigt, A., Schöppe, E., ... & Bechdolf, A. (2020). Making Psychiatric Wards More Peaceful Places: Evaluating the Implementation of the Safewards Model in Acute Psychiatry Using a Pre–Post Mixed-Method Study Design.
  • French, J., O'Sullivan, D. V., Diggle, T., & Martin, A. (2020). Staff experiences of social climate in a medium secure adolescent unit. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 9(1), 31-40.
  • Gaab, S., Brazil, I. A., de Vries, M. G., & Bulten, B. H. (2020). The relationship between treatment alliance, social climate, and treatment readiness in long-term forensic psychiatric care: an explorative study. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 0306624X19899609.
  • Hallett, N., & Dickens, G. L. (2020). The violence prevention climate of mental health wards: a cross-sectional study of staff and patient views. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56(3).
  • Isenhardt, A., Mangold, C. P., & Hostettler, U. (2020). Das soziale Klima in Gefängnissen und Anstalten des Schweizer Straf-und Massnahmenvollzugs: Unterschiede in der Wahrnehmung von Personal und Gefangenen. Neue Zeitschrift für Kriminologie und Kriminalpolitik, 1(1), 53-66.
  • Palmer, E. J., Hatcher, R. M., & Tonkin, M. J. (2020). Evaluation of digital technology in prisons. Ministry of Justice.
  • Reading, L., & Ross, G. E. (2020). Comparing social climate across therapeutically distinct prison wings. The Journal of Forensic Practice.
  • Tomlin, J., Bartlett, P., Völlm, B., Furtado, V., & Egan, V. (2020). Perceptions of Restrictiveness in Forensic Mental Health: Do Demographic, Clinical, and Legal Characteristics Matter?. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 0306624X20902050.

2019

  • Auty, K. M., & Liebling, A. (2019). Exploring the relationship between prison social climate and reoffending. Justice Quarterly, 1-24.
  • Berry, S., & Robertson, N. (2019). Burnout within forensic psychiatric nursing: its relationship with ward environment and effective clinical supervision? Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 26(7-8), 212-222.
  • Busetto, V., Camuccio, C. A., & Giacomin, E. (2019). La valutazione del clima di reparto nelle Comunità Terapeutiche Riabilitative Protette: uno studio osservazionale di coorte. Journal of Health Care Education in Practice, 1(1). (Italian language)
  • Efkemann, S. A., Bernard, J., Kalagi, J., Otte, I., Ueberberg, B., Assion, H. J., ... & Gather, J. (2019). Ward atmosphere and patient satisfaction in psychiatric hospitals with different ward settings and door policies. Results from a mixed methods study. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 576.
  • Frey, M., Leygraf, N., & Schalast, N. (2019). ADHS als Problem und Thema der Behandlung in der Entziehungsanstalt. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 13(3), 239-250.
  • Fröhlich, D., Rabenschlag, F., Schoppmann, S., Borgwardt, S., Lang, U. E., & Huber, C. G. (2018). Positive effects of an anti-aggression and de-escalation training on ward atmosphere and subjective safety may depend on previous training experience. Frontiers in psychiatry, 9, 134.
  • Hottinen, A., Rytilä‐Manninen, M., Laurén, J., Autio, S., Laiho, T., & Lindberg, N. (2019). Impact of the implementation of the safewards model on the social climate on adolescent psychiatric wards. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.
  • Ireland, C. A., Ireland, J. L., Jones, N. S., Chu, S., & Lewis, M. (2019). Predicting security incidents in high secure male psychiatric care. International journal of law and psychiatry, 64, 40-52.
  • Ireland, J. L., Sebalo, I., McNeill, K., Murphy, K., Brewer, G., Ireland, C. A., ... & Nally, T. (2019). Impacting on factors promoting intra group aggression in secure psychiatric settings. Heliyon, 5(3), e01400.
  • Jäckel, D., Baumgardt, J., Helber-Böhlen, H., Stiehm, N., Morgenstern, K., Voigt, A., ... & Schulz, M. (2019). Veränderungen des Stationsklimas und der Arbeitszufriedenheit nach Einführung des Safewards-Modells auf zwei geschützten akutpsychiatrischen Stationen – Eine multiperspektivische Evaluation. Psychiatrische Praxis, 46(07), 369-375.
  • Pniewski, B., Elsner, K., & König, A. (2019). Behandlungsevaluation im Jugendmaßregelvollzug. Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie, 13(3), 282-291.
  • Puzzo, I., Aldridge-Waddon, L., Bush, E., & Farr, C. (2019). The Relationship Between Ward Social Climate, Ward Sense of Community, and Incidents of Disruptive Behavior: A Study of a High Secure Psychiatric Sample. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 18(2), 153-163.
  • Riordan, D., Browne, C., Korobanova, D., Kariuki, M., Daffern, M., & Dean, K. (2019). Imminent aggression in female forensic inpatients: A study assessing the predictive validity of the dynamic appraisal of situational aggression: Women’s Version (DASA: WV). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 18(4), 326-335.
  • Robinson, J. E., & Craig, L. (2019). Social climate and aggression in IDD services. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 10(1), 8-18.
  • Sauter, J., Stasch, J., Seewald, K., Hausam, J., & Dahle, K. P. (2019). Let’s work together-Occupational factors and their correlates to prison climate and inmates’ attitudes towards treatment. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 781.
  • Spavor, J., Adams, K., Saikaly, R., & Penney, S. (2019). A Study of Cognitive Adaptation Training in Inpatient Forensic Environments. Abgerufen von https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ProvidedDocs/19/NCT04294719/Prot_SAP_000.pdf
  • Tomlin, J., Völlm, B., Furtado, V., Egan, V., & Bartlett, P. (2019). The Forensic Restrictiveness Questionnaire: Development, Validation, and Revision. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10.
  • Williams, L. S., Green, E. L., & Chernoff, W. A. (2019). “There’s More to It Than Just a Box Check”: Measuring Prison Climate in Three Correctional Facilities. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 63(8), 1354-1383.
  • Wood, L., Jones, A., Bishop, E., & Williams, C. (2019). Evaluating the introduction of assistant psychologists to an acute mental health inpatient setting. Journal of Psychiatric Intensive Care, 15(1), 21-30.

2018

  • Bell, N., Tonkin, M., Chester, V., & Craig, L. (2018). Adapting measures of social climate for use with individuals with intellectual developmental disability in forensic settings. Psychology, Crime & Law, 24(4), 362-378.
  • de Vries, M. G., Brazil, I. A., van der Helm, P., Verkes, R. J., & Bulten, B. H. (2018). Ward climate in a high-secure forensic psychiatric setting: Comparing two instruments. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(3), 247-255.
  • Fröhlich, D., Rabenschlag, F., Schoppmann, S., Borgwardt, S., Lang, U. E., & Huber, C. G. (2018). Positive effects of an anti-aggression and de-escalation training on ward atmosphere and subjective safety may depend on previous training experience. Frontiers in psychiatry, 9, 134.
  • Glennon, C., & Sher, M. A. (2018). Evaluation of the EssenCES in a neurodevelopmental inpatient service for adolescents. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22(3), 233-245.
  • Hallett, N., Huber, J., Sixsmith, J., & Dickens, G. L. (2018). Measuring the violence prevention climate: Development and evaluation of the VPC-14. International journal of nursing studies, 88, 97-103.
  • Lo, S. B., Gaupp, R., Huber, C., Schneeberger, A., Garic, G., Voulgaris, A., ... & Lang, U. E. (2018). Influence of an" Open Door Policy" on ward climate: impact on treatment quality. Psychiatrische Praxis, 45(3), 133-139.
  • O’Flynn, P., O’Regan, R., O’Reilly, K., & Kennedy, H. G. (2018). Predictors of quality of life among inpatients in forensic mental health: implications for occupational therapists. BMC psychiatry, 18(1), 16.
  • Robinson, J., Craig, L. A., & Tonkin, M. (2018). Perceptions of social climate and aggressive behavior in forensic services: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(4), 391-405.
  • Schalast, N., & Sieß, J. (2018). Zusammenhänge des Stationsklimas mit objektiven Rahmenbedingungen psychiatrischer Stationen. Psychiatrische Praxis, 45(05), 242-247.
  • Stasch, J., Yoon, D., Sauter, J., Hausam, J., & Dahle, K. P. (2018). Prison climate and its role in reducing dynamic risk factors during offender treatment. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 62(14), 4609-4621.
  • Zugai, J. S., Stein‐Parbury, J., & Roche, M. (2018). Therapeutic alliance, anorexia nervosa and the inpatient setting: A mixed methods study. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(2), 443-453.

2017

  • Blagden, N., Perrin, C., Smith, S., Gleeson, F., & Gillies, L. (2017). “A different world” exploring and understanding the climate of a recently re-rolled sexual offender prison. Journal of sexual aggression, 23(2), 151-166.
  • Doyle, P., Quayle, E., & Newman, E. (2017). Social climate in forensic mental health settings: A systematic review of qualitative studies, Aggression and Violent Behavior (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2017.06.008.
  • Schalast, N., & Laan J.M. (2017). Measuring social climate in German prisons using the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema. The Prison Journal. 97(2), 166-180.
  • Siess, J., & Schalast, N. (2017). Psychometric Properties of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) in a Sample of General Psychiatric Wards. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.08.001.
  • Stasch, J., Sauter, J., & Dahle, KP. (2017). The new institution of preventive detention in Berlin – Prison climate in focus (article in German, English abstract). Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol, 11, 13–21.

2016

  • Blagden, N., Winder, B., & Hames, C. (2016). “They Treat Us Like Human Beings”—Experiencing a therapeutic sex offenders prison impact on prisoners and staff and implications for treatment. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(4), 371-396.
  • Casey, S., Day, A., & Reynolds, J. (2016). The Influence of Incarceration Length and Protection Status on Perceptions of Prison Social Climate. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(2), 285-296.
  • de Vries, M. G., Brazil, I. A., Tonkin, M., & Bulten, B. H. (2016). Ward Climate Within a High Secure Forensic Psychiatric Hospital: Perceptions of Patients and Nursing Staff and the Role of Patient Characteristics. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30, 342-349.
  • Lord, K., Priest, H., & McGowan, A. (2016). Therapeutic engagement in medium-secure care: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of service users’ experiences. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27(1), 55-76.
  • Robinson, J., Craig, L. A., Tonkin, M. (2016). Perceptions of Social Climate and Aggressive Behavior in Forensic Services – A Systematic Review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, published online first
  • Schalast, N., & Tonkin, M. (eds., 2016). The Essen climate evaluation schema: A Manual and More. Hogrefe Publishing: Göttingen, Germany.
  • Veale, D., Miles, S., Naismith, I., Pieta, M., Gilbert, P. (2016). Development of a compassion-focused and contextual behavioural environment and validation of the Therapeutic Environment Scales (TESS). Psychiatric Bulletin, 40, 12-19

2015

  • Blaesi, S., Gairing, S. K., Walter, M., Lang, U. E., & Huber, C. G. (2015). Sicherheit, therapeutischer Halt und Patientenzusammenhalt auf geschlossenen, neu geöffneten und offenen psychiatrischen Stationen. Psychiatrische Praxis, 42(02), 76-81. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1359871
  • Chester, V., McCathie, J., Quinn, M., Ryan, L., Popple, J., Loveridge, C., & Spall, J. (2015). Clinician experiences of administering the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) in a forensic intellectual disability service. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), 70-78.
  • Chu, S., McNeill, K., Wright, K. M., Hague, A., & Wilkins, T. (2015). The impact of a night confinement policy on patients in a UK high secure inpatient mental health service. Journal of Forensic Practice, 17(1), 21-30.
  • Hui, A. M. (2015). The use of coercive measures in a high secure hospital: expressions of institutional and emotional work (Dissertation). University of Nottingham, UK
  • McCann, T., Baird, J., & Muir, E. C. (2015). Social climate of acute old age psychiatry inpatient units: staff perceptions within the context of patient aggression. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 22(2), 102-108.
  • McWilliam, N., Nielssen, O., & Moore, J. (2015). Sorting it out: A Community Mediation Training Program at a Therapeutic Prison. Sydney Law Review, 37(1), 69.
  • Tonkin, M. (2015). A review of questionnaire measures for assessing the social climate in prisons and forensic psychiatric hospitals. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 60(12), 1376-1405.
  • de Vries, M. (2015). Ward climate and (long term) forensic care - (How and why) should ward climate differ between forensic facilities? Web source: http://lfpc-cost.eu/ward-climate-and-longterm-forensic-care/.

2014

  • Campbell, R., Allan, St., Sims, P. (2014). Service attachment: The relative contributions of ward climate perceptions and attachment anxiety and avoidance in male inpatients with psychosis. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 24(1), 49-59.
  • Dickens, L. G., Suesse, M., Snyman, P., Picchioni, M. (2014). Associations between ward climate and patient characteristics in a secure forensic mental health service. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 25(2), 195-211.
  • Eggert, J. E., Kelly, S. P., Margiotta, D.T., Hegvik, D. K., Vaher, K. A., & Tamiko Kaya, R. (2014). Person– environment interaction in a new secure forensic state psychiatric hospital. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 32(4), 527-538
  • Milsom, S. A., Freestone, M., Duller, R., Bouman, M., & Taylor, C. (2014). Factor structure of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema measure of social climate in a UK medium-security setting. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 24(2), 86–99.
  • Willets, L., Mooney, P., Blagden, N. (2014). Social climate in learning disability services. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 5(1), 24-37(14).
  • Long, C., Bell, N., Carr, A., Cairns, L., Webb, A., & Collins, L. (2014). The benefits of environmental change in a secure service for people with intellectual disabilities. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 8(5), 309-320.

2013

  • Braham, L. G., Heasley, J. F., & Akiens, S. (2013). An evaluation of night confinement in a high secure
    hospital.     Mental Health Review Journal, 18(1), 21-31.
  • Livingston, J. D., Nijdam-Jones, A., Lapsley, S., Calderwood, C., & Brink, J. (2013). Supporting recovery by improving patient engagement in a forensic mental health hospital: Results from a demonstration droject. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. 19(3), 132-145.
  • MacInnes, D., Kinane, C., Beer, D., Parrott, J., Craig, T., Eldridge, S., Marsh, I., Krotofil, J., & Priebe, S. (2013). Study to assess the effect of a structured communication approach on quality of life in secure mental health settings (Comquol): study protocol for a pilot cluster randomized trial. Trials, 14:257
  • Taylor, J., & Trout, S. (2013). Lessons from the front line: working with offenders with learning disability and personality disorder in a high secure therapeutic community. Mental Health Review Journal, 18, 44-52.

2012

  • Alderman, N., & Groucott, L. (2012). Measurement of social climate within neurobehavioural rehabilitation services using the EssenCES. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation: An International Journal. 22(5), 768-93.
  • Day, A., Casey, S., Vess, J., & Huisy, G. (2012). Assessing the therapeutic climate of prisons. Criminal Justice and Behaviour, 39(2), 156-168.
  • Livingston, J. D., Nijdam-Jones, A., & Brink, J. (2012). A tale of two cultures: examining patient-centered care in a forensic mental health hospital. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology,
    23    (3), 345-360.
  • Maguire, T., Young, R., Martin, T., (2012). Seclusion reduction in a forensic mental health setting. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 19(2), 97-106.
  • Powis, B., Walton, C., & Randhawa, K. (2012). Exploring the Treatment Integrity of Custodial Addiction Therapeutic Communities. Ministry of Justice Research Series No 9/12. Abgerufen von http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/research-and-analysis
  • Quinn, M., Thomas, C., Chester, V. (2012). The Essen Climate Evaluation Schema measure of social climate in a secure service for people with intellectual disabilities. Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(4), 171 – 178.
  • Tighe, J., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (2012). See, Think, Act Scale: preliminary development and validation of a measure of relational security in medium- and low-secure units. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 23(2), 184-199
  • Tonkin, M., Howells, K., Ferguson, E., Clark, A., Newberry, M., & Schalast, N. (2012). Lost in translation? Psychometric properties and construct validity of the English Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) social climate questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 24(3), 573-80.
  • 野田 寿恵 , 杉山 直也 , 松本 佳子 [他] 精神医学 2012, 54(2), 211-217 (Psychometric Properties of
    the Japanese Version of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (Essen CES) [in Japanese]

2011

  • Bressington, D., Stewart, B., Beer, D., & MacInnes, D. (2011). Levels of service user satisfaction in secure settings – A survey of the association between perceived social climate, perceived therapeutic relationship and satisfaction with forensic services. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48(11), 1349–1356.
  • Day, A., Casey, S., Vess, J., Huisy, G. (2011). Assessing the social climate of prisons. Criminology Research Council, Canberra, ACT. Abgerufen von www.criminologyresearchcouncil.gov.au/reports/02-0910.pdf
  • Long, C. G., Anagnostakis, K., Fox, E., Silaule, P., Somers, J., West, R., & Webster, A. (2011). Social climate along the pathway of care in women's secure mental health service: Variation with level
    of security, patient motivation, therapeutic alliance and level of disturbance.     Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 21(3), 202-214.
  • MacInnes, D., Beer, D., Keeble, P., Rees, D., & Reid, L. (2011). Service-user involvement in forensic mental health care research: Areas to consider when developing a collaborative study. Journal of Mental Health, 20(5), 464-72,
  • Tonkin, M., & Howells, K. (2011). Evaluating regimes and environments. In K. Sheldon, J. Davies, & K. Howells (Eds.) Research in practice for forensic professionals (249-270). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

2010 - 2007

  • Ching, H., Daffern, M., Martin, T., & Thomas, S. (2010). Reducing the use of seclusion in a forensic psychiatric hospital: assessing the impact on aggression, therapeutic climate and staff confidence. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 21, 737-760.
  • Howells, K., Tonkin, M., Milburn, C., Lewis, J., Draycot, S., Cordwell, J., Price, M., Davies, S., Schalast, N.
    (2009), The EssenCES measure of social climate: a preliminary validation and normative data
    in UK high secure hospital settings.     Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 19(5), 308-320.
  • Schalast, N., Redies, M., Collins, M., Stacey, J., & Howells, K. (2008). EssenCES, a short questionnaire for assessing the social climate of forensic psychiatric wards. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 14, 49–58
  • Schalast, N. (2008). A short questionnaire for assessing the social climate on forensic psychiatric wards. Psychiatrische Praxis, 35(4), 175-81.
  • Day, A., Howells, K., Casey, S., Ward, T., & Birgden, A. (2007). Treatment readiness: An overview of Australasian work. Issues in Forensic Psychology, 7, 21-25.

Contact

Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Psych. Norbert Schalast

buero_schalast@t-online.de

Other research projects